Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo determine seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates for dual and triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among pregnant women.MethodsA multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in six randomly selected tertiary hospitals from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consenting participants were tested at recruitment for triplex infections and followed-up till delivery. Retests were performed at delivery for those who tested negative for all three infections/positive for only one. Polymerase chain reaction was used for validation while rapid test kits were employed for initial screening.ResultsOf the 2775 participants recruited, 13 (0.47%; 95% CI: 0.25%-0.80%) and 4 (0.14%; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%) were seropositive for dual and triplex infections, respectively. Dual infections revealed seroprevalences of 0.22% for HIV-HBV (6/2775; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.47%), 0.14% for HIV-HCV (4/2775; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%), and 0.11% for HBV-HCV (3/2775; 95% CI: 0.02%-0.32%). Multivariable analysis highlighted significant associations between HIV/HBV co-infection and religion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.068, 95% CI: 0.006-0.757) and house ownership (aOR): 1.65 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, 95% CI: 1.60 × 10<sup>-9</sup>-1.70 × 10<sup>-9</sup>). Continuing our follow-up until delivery for 2403 initial participants, 2386 did not have dual or triplex infections at the start. Upon retesting at delivery, three of these women were seropositive for a dual infection of HIV and HBV, giving a seroconversion rate of 0.12% (95% CI: 0.03% to 0.37%). MTCT rate stood at 0% at 6-week post-delivery.ConclusionWe observed a relatively low seroprevalence and seroconversion rates for dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among pregnant women in Nigeria and no MTCT.

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Journal
Antiviral Therapy
Published
2025-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535251333259
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Hepatitis B Virus Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
4.06
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article

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study

Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu, Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku, Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama et al.
3 citations
Antiviral Therapy
Hepatitis B Virus Studies
4.06
article

Seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission of dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among Nigerian obstetric population: A national multicentre prospective cohort study

Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu, Chiamaka Henrietta Jibuaku, Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama, Fatima Ele Aliyu, Ekene Agatha Emeka, Shirley Nneka Chukwurah, Amaka Elizabeth Agbata, Uzoamaka Rufina Ebubedike, Aisha Ismaila Numan, Prince Ogbonnia Aja, Odion Emmanuel Igue, Aishat Ahmed, Ijeoma Chioma Oppah, Emeka Philip Igbodike, Eric Okechukwu Umeh, Hadiza Abdullahi Usman, R Yakubu, Uchenna Chukwunonso Ogwaluonye, Chiamaka Perpetua Chidozie, Stephen Okoroafor Kalu, Hadiza Sani Ibrahim, Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro, Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu, Oliver Ezechi, Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna, IA Yakasai, Bukola Abimbola Adesoji, Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu, Chisom God’swill Chigbo, Chike Henry Nwankwo, Chinwe Elizabeth Uzochukwu, Moriam Chibuzor, Ubong Inyang Anyang, Lydia İjeoma Eleje, Ifeanyi Kingsley Nwaeju, Divinefavour Echezona Malachy, Preye Owen Fiebai, Ogbonna Dennis Okoro, Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu, Solace Amechi Omoruyi, Godwin Akaba, Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor, Ayyuba Rabiu, Richard Obinwanne Egeonu, Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam Ogbuagu, David Chibuike Ikwuka, Ngozi Nneka Joe‐Ikechebelu, Rebecca Chinyelu Chukwuanukwu, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu, Sussan Ifeyinwa Nweje, Harrison Chiro Ugwuoroko, George Uchenna Eleje, Samuel Oluwagbenga Inuyomi, Olabisi Morebise Loto, Osita Samuel Umeononihu, Maryrose Onyinyechukwu Ikem, Obinna Kenneth Nnabuchi, C. Nwankwo, Kingsley Chukwuebuka Agu, Ifeoma Clara Ajuba, Kingsley Chidiebere Nwaogu, Ifunanya Anita Ezeamama, Ekenedilichukwu Anselem Odiegwu
article en
3 citations

Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine seroprevalence, seroconversion, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates for dual and triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among pregnant women.MethodsA multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in six randomly selected tertiary hospitals from six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Consenting participants were tested at recruitment for triplex infections and followed-up till delivery. Retests were performed at delivery for those who tested negative for all three infections/positive for only one. Polymerase chain reaction was used for validation while rapid test kits were employed for initial screening.ResultsOf the 2775 participants recruited, 13 (0.47%; 95% CI: 0.25%-0.80%) and 4 (0.14%; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%) were seropositive for dual and triplex infections, respectively. Dual infections revealed seroprevalences of 0.22% for HIV-HBV (6/2775; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.47%), 0.14% for HIV-HCV (4/2775; 95% CI: 0.04%-0.37%), and 0.11% for HBV-HCV (3/2775; 95% CI: 0.02%-0.32%). Multivariable analysis highlighted significant associations between HIV/HBV co-infection and religion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.068, 95% CI: 0.006-0.757) and house ownership (aOR): 1.65 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, 95% CI: 1.60 × 10<sup>-9</sup>-1.70 × 10<sup>-9</sup>). Continuing our follow-up until delivery for 2403 initial participants, 2386 did not have dual or triplex infections at the start. Upon retesting at delivery, three of these women were seropositive for a dual infection of HIV and HBV, giving a seroconversion rate of 0.12% (95% CI: 0.03% to 0.37%). MTCT rate stood at 0% at 6-week post-delivery.ConclusionWe observed a relatively low seroprevalence and seroconversion rates for dual and triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV among pregnant women in Nigeria and no MTCT.

Antiviral TherapyVol. 30(2)
University of Port Harcourt (NG), University of Nigeria (NG), Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University (NG), Ekiti State University (NG), Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NG), University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (NG), Memorial Medical Center (US), Adekunle Ajasin University (NG), University of Calabar (NG), Memorial Medical Center (US), University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (NG), Federal Medical Centre (NG), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NG), Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (NG), Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (NG), University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (NG), Obafemi Awolowo University (NG), Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NG), University of Sunderland (GB), University of Maiduguri (NG), University of Abuja (NG), Bayero University Kano (NG)
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Hepatitis B Virus Studies
4.06
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