Distributionally Robust Optimization Model of the Integrated Energy System with Integrated Demand Response

High-efficiency and energy-saving comprehensive energy systems can provide both economic and environmental benefits. These are crucial for promoting the economy of distribution-network systems. A distributionally robust optimization model is proposed to jointly operate integrated energy systems with wind, hydrogen, cogeneration, combined heat and power (CHP), and other agents, which considers joint demand response and energy sharing across agents. A profit distribution mechanism based on an improved Shapley value is proposed for equally redistributing excessive income. The simulation results show that: (1) the combined wind hydrogen cogeneration-generation (IDR) system reduces hydrogen energy extraction expenses and improves renewable energy utilization efficiency; (2) in line with distributionally robust optimization theory, the optimization model of a wind hydrogen cogeneration direct-drive integrated system for maximizing joint income solves uncertain renewable energy outputs, such as wind energy and photovoltaics, improving the overall benefit of wind hydrogen combined heat and power generation systems; and (3) the improved Shapley value approach solves the income distribution problem for relevant stakeholders, and a reasonable distribution of additional income increases the enthusiasm of all participants.