Fast Charging Stations and Battery Swap Stations for Electric Vehicles: A Decision-Making Model

Aiming for carbon-neutral industries inspires people to drive electric cars more frequently. Human behavior must be understood before operating an electric car fleet. The goal of this study is to simulate human behavior by considering two types of charging stations: fast charging stations and battery swap stations. This is modeled using a two-stage decision model that includes charge and station decisions. The charging operation is modelled as a 24-hour daily simulation under TOU tariffs. Depending on the service quality, each station Waiting time is modeled using different charge parameters and multiple queues. The driver is given charging parameters in addition to the pricing to aid in their decision-making. After that, each station’s revenue is determined, and the procedure is repeated for the next intervals. This study shows that integrating battery swap stations in the charging network increases the number of service calls per hour and reduces the wait time for service. Additionally, it may be utilized to disperse charging requests more evenly throughout the day.