Characterization of bast fibers in selected dicotyledonous plants: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ficus septica, and Phaleria macrocarpa

At present, a wide range of commercial natural fibers is utilized in various products. However, further investigation is required to expand the applications of natural fiber. This study examined the anatomical characteristics and mechanical properties of bast fibers from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ficus septica, and Phaleria macrocarpa, and explored their potential applications. Anatomical characteristics, including fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness, were assessed through the observation of cross-sectional slides of the stem bark. Fiber length was measured using maceration specimens. Tensile strength and elongation data were obtained through tensile strength and elongation tests conducted with a Tenso Lab machine. The results indicated that the diameters of H. rosa-sinensis and Ficus septica fibers were classified as medium, while the diameter of Phaleria macrocarpa fiber was relatively small. All three fibers were characterized by very thick fiber walls and small lumens and were classified as long fibers. Regarding mechanical properties, these fibers exhibited relatively high tensile strength but low elongation values. Based on these findings, the three fibers demonstrate significant potential as raw materials for use in the paper and composite industries.