First Detection of Cryptosporidium Canis and Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Hospitalized Patients in Romania

The study aimed to identify <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection in hospitalized patients in Western Romania. Stool samples were collected from 175 patients, both male and female, aged between 2 months and 88 years, residing in urban and rural areas. The identification of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> was performed using a qualitative chromatographic rapid test, supplemented by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method described by Henricksen and Pohlenz. <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. were identified through PCR analysis and Sanger sequencing. To assess potential risk factors for cryptosporidiosis, a questionnaire was administered to the study participants. Laboratory test results revealed a cryptosporidiosis occurrence of 7.42%, with a significantly higher occurrence observed in urban areas (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Two species were identified, <i>C. parvum</i> and <i>C. canis</i>, the latter being reported for the first time in humans in Romania. Among the assessed risk factors, only the area of residence significantly influenced the occurrence of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection. The other evaluated risk factors-age, sex, concomitant microbial infections, contact with animals, use of public transport, international travel, frequenting children's playgrounds, and swimming pools-although potentially involved in <i>Cryptosporidium</i> infection, did not have a significant contribution. This study represents the first report of <i>C. canis</i> identified in humans in Romania. Our results indicate a high occurrence of human cryptosporidiosis in hospitalized patients, with a significantly higher rate observed in individuals residing in urban areas.