Prevention and Control Strategies for Rainwater and Flood Disasters in Traditional Villages: A Concentrated Contiguous Zone Approach

Traditional villages are vital repositories of China’s historical and cultural heritage. To enhance protection precision, this study develops a novel risk assessment framework integrating three dimensions: the natural environment, tangible heritage elements, and disaster prevention infrastructure. The framework mainly uses GIS spatial analysis and SPSS-based statistical modeling. It integrates traditional dwelling density as a key factor in vulnerability zoning by depicting assessment units with weighted vulnerability indicators. The study overlays kernel density maps of traditional buildings with natural hazard susceptibility data. This enables classification of villages and clusters into hierarchical disaster prevention tiers (core, key, and general zones). Core zones, characterized by high-density heritage structures and elevated flood risks, require structural reinforcement and ecological engineering, while key zones employ adaptive protection technologies. By incorporating traditional building density as a weighted vulnerability indicator, the framework enables hierarchical disaster zoning through spatial coupling of kernel density maps and flood susceptibility data. Taking the results of Lingshui Village as an example, an individual analysis was made, and the elements of the village were identified. Fourteen traditional villages in Mentougou District were graded and partitioned. Correlation examination of zoning findings and property damage, as well as an independent evaluation of categorization results and degree of calamity, demonstrated a correlation between the two. Therefore, empirical validation in Beijing’s Mentougou District demonstrates the efficacy of this approach. The methodology further establishes cross-village collaborative defense mechanisms under a “conservation–development–protection” paradigm, aligning administrative boundaries with spatial agglomeration patterns. The study establishes a hierarchical disaster prevention evaluation system and a regional technical pathway to bridge individual and cluster-level protection. Finally, by synergizing traditional dwelling conservation with ecological resilience, it explores bidirectional optimization between cultural heritage preservation and disaster prevention efficacy.