Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Entropy Variation Weighted Local Contrast Measure

Infrared small target detection plays a crucial role in fields such as remote sensing and surveillance. However, during long-distance imaging, factors such as atmospheric attenuation lead to a low signal-to-clutter ratio for the targets, making their features difficult to extract effectively. Additionally, in complex background environments, background components that resemble the target morphology highly interfere with detection tasks. Therefore, infrared weak small target detection in complex backgrounds faces challenges of low detection accuracy and high false alarm rates. To solve the above difficulties, a novel entropy variation weighted local contrast measure (EVWLCM) is proposed. Firstly, a target saliency enhancement method based on a family of generalized Gaussian functions is introduced, which accurately characterizes the grayscale distribution states of various targets in infrared images. Secondly, a novel adaptive weighting strategy based on local joint entropy variation characteristics is suggested. Specifically, the spatial grayscale distribution difference between the target and the background is effectively perceived, enhancing the target while suppressing the background. Finally, experimental results on real infrared images show that EVWLCM outperforms existing methods on both public and private datasets. Additionally, the average processing speed of EVWLCM is 34 frames per second, which meets the requirements for real-time scenarios.