Methamphetamine use and psychiatric comorbidities among Egyptian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Globally, methamphetamine (MA) use is increasing not only in high-income countries but also in developing and low-income regions, including Africa. Studies indicate that MA use among adolescents is related to a higher prevalence of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorders compared to their non-using peers. Additionally, MA use is linked to other psychosocial comorbidities, such as strained family relationships, peer pressure, unemployment and exposure to violence and trauma. Objective This study evaluated the extent of methamphetamine use among adolescent patients, aiming to highlight the relationship between their drug habits and associated mental health conditions, and to understand how the severity of methamphetamine use influences these psychiatric comorbidities. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional observational study from January to June 2024 at the Adolescent Addiction Clinic of Helwan Mental Health Hospital in Egypt with 100 patients with substance use disorders (SUD). Using a combination of interviews and validated psychological assessments, we gathered and analyzed data to pinpoint trends and correlations. Results The most commonly used drug among the population analyzed was cannabinoids (53%), followed by synthetic cannabinoids (22%), and methamphetamine (19%). Among the users of methamphetamine, 42.1% did not have any comorbid psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent comorbid condition was conduct disorder (36.8%), psychotic disorder (10.5%), depressive disorder (5.3%), and ADHD (5.3%). Methamphetamine users experienced significant challenges across multiple life domains, such as substance use, schooling, employment, family and social interactions and mental health, with statistically significant differences observed in all areas except for legal issues, which showed less association. Conclusion Methamphetamine use in adolescents is strongly associated with psychosocial and psychiatric problems. Such findings support comprehensive approaches in diagnosis, treatment, and management of adolescents with methamphetamine use disorders that extend beyond mere substance use to its wider psychosocial consequences.