Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Sudanese Refugees in Uganda

Abstract Introduction: The ongoing conflict in Sudan has resulted in a massive displacement crisis, with millions internally displaced and fleeing to neighbouring countries. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among Sudanese refugees in the Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Uganda. The findings will improve our understanding and guide targeted interventions in mental health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 14 to 21, 2024, involving 106 Sudanese refugees. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires, respectively. Socio-demographic data were collected and analyzed. A Pearson Chi-Square test was used to compare between the different depression status based on characteristics like gender, employment, and living on campus. Results: The study revealed a 43% prevalence of moderate to severe depression and a 24% prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety. Significant gender differences were observed, with males reporting higher rates of severe depression and females exhibiting higher rates of moderate to severe anxiety. On-campus residents showed a higher prevalence of depression, while off-campus residents reported slightly higher anxiety rates. Self-harm thoughts were significantly associated with severe depression. No significant associations were found between mental health outcomes and marital status, employment, or living with families. Discussion: Sudanese refugees in Kiryandongo face significant mental health challenges, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive and gender-responsive services. Future efforts should prioritize standardized screenings and address pre- and post-migration trauma. Urgent actions, such as crisis teams and mobile clinics, are essential for their well-being.