IOT-Enabled Smart Protection System for Earth Current Leakage with Real-Time Monitoring, Immediate Safety Measures, and GSM Alerts

Abstract: As electrical infrastructures get more complex, the need for intelligent, responsive, forward looking grounding mechanisms increases. The novelty of this project is an integrated conventional earthing intelligently designed by Internet of things enabled sensor and web based analytics that can detect the electrical hazards and automatically respond to prevent any accidental incidents. The core of the system is an Arduino controller, interfaced with a number of companion components: voltage and current sensors (PT and CT); MEMS module; GPS Receiver; gas and flame detectors; and an LCD display for user interaction. Variable resistors are included in order both to fine-tune signal inputs and to maximise sensor resolution. The system is designed to track energy flow, detect abnormal load performance, and segregate major faults like current surges, leakages, or environmental hazards. If any anomaly is detected (e.g., vibration, toxic gases, ignition), the acoustic alarm sounds, and the GSM communication module transmits a situational report. The GPS feature improves traceability, which helps ensure prompt incidents are addressed. This means that it will dynamically disconnect the power load to reduce damage done while retaining manual control with a user-accessible switch. This system can communicate, take action, and adapt without any human intervention, which unadulterated is creating a smarter and safer ecosystem and the whole framework of grounded automization. Cited in areas that span from industrial environments to homes, the system enhances electrical safety through the adoption of an advanced level of dispersed communication via IoT sensing technologies.