Nanoemulsion Biopesticides from Kaempferia Galanga Extract and Patchouli Oil Distillation Waste to Control Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease of Rice

The study revealed the opportunity for biopesticides based on nanoemulsions derived from Kaempferia galanga and waste from patchouli oil distillation as an alternative control of bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice to replace synthetic pesticides and support sustainable agriculture. Research conducted showed that the formula composition consisting of oil fraction [(87 mL patchouli oil distillation waste; 3 mL Tween 80) + water fraction (7.5 mL bioethanol; 2.5 mL K. galanga extract)] produced a stable and homogeneous biopesticide formula. In addition, it could suppress the development of the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which is shown by the highest inhibition zone compared to other formulas. Formula 1 features stable nano-sized particles that exhibit a negative zeta potential. Research conducted on rice plants demonstrated that the nanoemulsion biopesticide Formula 1 effectively suppressed the development of bacterial leaf blight. The most significant reduction in disease intensity, measured at a concentration of 2000 ppm, was 6.84% lower than bactericides. Furthermore, the application of this biopesticide did not adversely affect the growth of rice plants, as no significant differences were observed in growth variables