Reinterpretation of Verses About Orphanhood in the Qur'an for Optimizing Child Protection (Double Movement Theory Application)

The concept of orphanhood is key to understanding how to protect children in Islam. The concept of orphanhood is proof of the seriousness and high attention of Islam to the issue of child protection. Islam sees one’s attitude toward orphans as an extension of their religiosity. Thus, optimizing the care of orphans is inevitably important. However, this optimization has often not been realized because it is constrained not only at the implementation stage but even at the conception stage. The rigidity of the mainstream concept of orphanhood has cost it the ability to solve the problems and challenges that it encounters, especially in the era of current disruption. This situation then calls for the conception of a modern notion of orphanhood. This study tries to reinterpret the verses about orphanhood in the Qur’an with the approach of Fazlur Rahman’s double movement theory. The result of this study is that the doctrine of orphanhood has a social mission to protect children, especially those who are abandoned before adulthood because they have lost their father, mother, or both. Concept of orphanhood is the key to seeing the concept of Islamic child protection as a whole. If Islam strongly criticizes Muslims who do not care about orphans, what are its views about parents who do not protect their own children?