<i>Croton ludovicensis</i> (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from the coast of Maranhão state, Brazil

Croton ludovicensis E.L.Pereira and Rossine sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species was found in Maranhão, northeast of Brazil, growing in a restinga vegetation. Croton ludovicensis is morphologically close to C. guianensis , from which it can be differentiated by aspects of the inflorescences, shape of pistillate sepals, junction of styles and trichomes of the capsules. Even though it occurs in protected areas, C. ludovicensis is provisionally assessed as ‘Endangered' due to its small populations, fragmented and limited distribution. Additionally, a distribution map and discussion on its systematic position and relationship with other species of Croton are presented.