STRATIFYING EYELID MALIGNANCIES: A STUDY OF THE TUMORS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN

Background: Eyelid malignancies are relatively uncommon, but because of their propensity for local invasion and impact on ocular function due to the complexity of reconstruction, they pose a significant challenge. Objective: To evaluate the histological subtypes, clinical outcomes, and demographic trends of patients with malignant eyelid tumors in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. Eyelid tumors were classified based on histological examination of biopsy samples. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Version 25.0, with statistical significance set at p <0.05. Results: A total of 125 patients had malignant eyelid tumors. The majority 52% were males; ages ranging from 30 to 60 years, while females constituted 48%. Basal cell carcinoma had the highest prevalence of all the malignancies at 72% and typically involved the lower lid in about 56%, whereas surgical resection was the standard treatment in almost all cases. Malignant melanoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma showed the highest recurrence rates at 20% each, whereas basal cell carcinoma had the lowest rate at 5.6%. Conclusion: The most common type of malignant eyelid tumor in this study was basal cell carcinoma, consistent with local and global epidemiological patterns. The main course of treatment is still surgical excision, supplemented with adjuvant and reconstructive therapies according to necessity.