Results of a Survey Among Adult Patients on the Appearance of Nurses in Italy

Background Appearance is fundamental in nonverbal communication. Moreover, the uniform is a visual symbol identifying the professional figure and related prerogatives in a relatively short time. Nonetheless, the ideal nurse uniform is still debated. Objectives This study aimed to explore the preferences of Italian adult patients regarding the attire of nurses. Methods A questionnaire was developed and validated to survey patients in the waiting rooms of the University Hospital of Sassari, Italy. Each participant was asked to answer six questions related to the study topic and to choose one picture from a selection of different attires (white uniform, casual uniform, scruffy clothing with uniform, solid-color uniform, and classic and trendy outfits) from both sexes. Additional details, including name tag, hair length, jewels, makeup amount, body art, and piercing, among others, were also evaluated. Results From November 2020 to November 2021, a total of 864 questionnaires were completed (60.9% by female patients and 49.1% by male patients). Most patients preferred white (46.4%) or solid color (47.84%) uniform, independent of age or educational level. Casual attire was preferred by a minority of patients (0.92%). The entire sample judged inappropriate long hair, visible tattoos, body piercings, sports shoes, and long nails. Moreover, wearing jewels and excessive makeup for female nurses and long beards for male nurses scored very low. Conclusion This is the first study conducted in Italy regarding the attire of nurses, and similar to other Western countries, nurses with a white or solid color uniform were preferred. Wearing a professional dress is part of non-verbal communication and may favorably influence nurse-patient interaction and, in turn, patient adherence to treatment.