A Systematic Literature Review on Implementation of Teaching Factory Model in Vocational Education

The Teaching Factory (TeFa) model is a practical vocational learning innovation that brings industrial systems and procedures into schools. Vocational students can get real learning experiences according to the working environment through this model. However, implementing the teaching factory model faces various challenges, such as the availability of facilities, lack of instructor competence, lack of budget, and school management. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out various innovations in the TeFa model to get the most effective model. This study reviews and finds various innovations in TeFa implementation models from several countries using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the Scopus database. The results of the study show that various innovations in the TeFa learning model have a positive impact not only on students but also on schools and industry. The core competencies and challenges faced were also reviewed from the education and business sides. The results of this study can be a best practice and profoundly contribute to researchers and developers of teaching factory models, hoping to find a more innovative and applicable teaching factory model framework in the future.