Peer support as a preventive intervention for postpartum anxiety: A single-blind randomized clinical trial

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peer support on postpartum anxiety and self-esteem among first-time mothers (primiparous women) referred to health centers. Methods: A total of 100 eligible primiparous women were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group, which received standard care along with peer support, and the control group, which received only routine care. To ensure blinding and concealment of allocation, the randomization sequence was managed by an individual not involved in participant recruitment or data collection. Peer supporters were instructed to contact the mothers they were supporting at least once a week. The effectiveness of the peer support intervention was assessed by administering the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory to all participants before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group exhibited a significantly lower mean state anxiety score compared to the control group (P=0.023). However, there was no statistically significant difference observed in trait anxiety (P=0.162) or the timing of first breastfeeding (P=0.037). Notably, the intervention group demonstrated a higher rate of breastfeeding continuation at two months postpartum. Conclusion: The findings suggest that incorporating peer support into standard prenatal care can be beneficial in reducing postpartum anxiety among first-time mothers. It is recommended that healthcare providers consider integrating peer support mechanisms into their routine maternal care practices.