Influence of charge on the cracking and complexity of self-gravitating dissipative objects

Abstract In this article, we aim to find out the influence of the electric charge on the occurrence (or not) of cracking or overturning, under different conditions. For this purpose, we develop a comprehensive framework to describe cracking in charged fluid distributions, incorporating dissipative processes and electromagnetic interactions in comoving coordinates by following a step-by-step procedure mentioned in Herrera and Di Prisco (Phys Rev D 109:064071, 2024). The study shows how energy loss (dissipation) affects cracking in charged fluids. Cracking is the ability of charged matter to break apart when it deviates from equilibrium. To examine the cracking in the system, we consider anisotropic models. Next, we investigate the role of dissipation in cracking and relate it to complexity measures for self-gravitating charged systems. Specifically, we link cracking in charged fluids to the condition of zero complexity factor. We also connect the mode of departing electromagnetic equilibrium with the occurrence of cracking. According to our analysis, cracking is avoided in the non-dissipative geodesic case by considering the condition of $$Y_{TF}=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>TF</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (without taking into account the manner of leaving equilibrium). Cracking is also avoided by leaving equilibrium in homologous and quasi-homologous electromagnetic regimes. Our results demonstrate the importance of dissipation, charge, and scalar function $$Y_{TF}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Y</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>TF</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for the understanding of compact objects. Some important insights are shown by developing a relationship among electromagnetic interactions, complexity, and cracking.