MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF DRY COWS' BLOOD WHEN USING A FEED ADDITIVE BASED ON THE ENZYME-PROBIOTIC PREPARATION PROFORTical status of blood of dry cows when using a feed additive based on the enzyme-probiotic preparation "Profort"

The aim of the study is to investigate the dynamics of the morphological and biochemical status of the blood of dry cows when including the enzyme-probiotic preparation Profort in the diet under conditions of year-round uniform feeding. An experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at the Agro-Sibir LLC in the Smolensk District of the Altai Region to study the effectiveness of the enzyme-probiotic preparation Profort (Biotrof LLC) as a feed additive in year-round uniform feeding of cattle. The experiment involved two groups of black-and-white Holstein cows formed during the dry period according to the principle of balanced analog groups (control (main diet) and experimental (main diet + feed additive based on the enzyme-probiotic preparation Profort for 15 days twice with an interval of 15 days at a dose of 30.0 g/day per head)). The use of the studied preparation in the diets of dry cows improves their physiological status. In the blood of cows in the experimental group, a quantitative increase in erythrocytes and hemoglobin by 25.1 (P ≤ 0.05) and 16.6 % (P ≤ 0.05), respectively, was found compared to the control group, which indicates more active hematopoiesis and improved oxygen capacity of the blood. Protein metabolism indices improved: the level of total protein increased by 4.0 %, albumin – by 2.7 %. The activity of liver enzymes AST and ALT decreased by 11.3 and 11.6 %, respectively, indicating an improvement in the liver condition. In addition, in the experimental group, the glucose level increased by 5.2 %, and the cholesterol level decreased by 6.2 %, indicating normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Reducing the cholesterol level is especially important for preventing fatty liver dystrophy, which can occur in animals before calving. The use of a feed additive based on the enzyme-probiotic preparation Profort improves homeostasis and metabolism.