Design and Study of a Simple Apparatus for Double-Slit Interference and Single-Slit Diffraction

物理实验中双缝干涉和单缝衍射仪器通常操作复杂、价格昂贵，在中学物理教学中普及率不高。针对这些问题，本研究基于波动光学理论，详细介绍了一种简易的双缝干涉与单缝衍射仪的制作和操作方法，提出一种低成本的手工实验装置设计方案，旨在帮助老师和学生简单制作与操作这种实验装置。该装置不仅实验效果明显，成本低廉，而且可以广泛应用于光学课堂实验教学，显著提高学生的学习效果，为资源有限地区的光学课堂实验教学提供了可参考的解决方案。In physics teaching, instruments used for double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction experiments are typically complicated to operate and expensive, leading to low popularity in secondary education. To address these issues, this study, based on wave optics theory, introduces a simple apparatus for performing double-slit interference and single-slit diffraction experiments. A detailed method for constructing and operating a low-cost, handmade experimental device is presented, aiming to assist teachers and students in easily fabricating and using this equipment. The apparatus not only demonstrates clear experimental results at a low cost but also is highly suitable for widespread adoption in classroom optics experiments. It can significantly enhance students’ learning outcomes and provide a practical reference for conducting optics experiments in resource-limited regions.