Morphometric Study of Shape of Glenoid cavity of Scapulae

Background: The glenoid cavity of the scapula is crucial for shoulder joint stability, forming the articulation with the humeral head. Variations in its shape and size can influence joint mechanics, affecting shoulder stability and the risk of injuries like dislocations. Understanding these variations is important for orthopedic procedures, such as shoulder arthroplasty, and in diagnosing shoulder pathologies. The cavity typically appears in shapes like oval, pear-shaped, or inverted comma, with variations across different populations. Objective: To evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the shape of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study in the department of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022. Among 200dried, grossly normal scapulae 104 were male and 96 were female which was determined by the discriminative function analysis technique, and then grouping was done asmale and female. Purposive sampling technique was followed. Data was collecte dinapre-designed data collection sheet. The Measurement equipment was a digital Verniercaliper. Results: This study shows in right side, the pear shape was the most prevalent among both males (55.7%) and females (56.3%), followed by the oval shape (33.6% for males and 35.4% for females), while the inverted comma shape was the least common (6.7% for males and 8.3% for females). On the left side, the pear shape remained predominant among males (57.7%), whereas females exhibited a higher frequency of the oval shape (50.0%), with the pear shape at 47.9%. These findings suggest a general trend of pear shaped glenoid cavities in both genders, with notable variations in shape distribution between the sexes, particularly on the left side. Conclusion: In summary, the morphometric examination of glenoid cavity shapes indicated that pear shaped configurations were more prevalent in both male and female scapulae on the right side, whereas the left side showed a greater occurrence of oval-shaped glenoid among females. These differences imply possible anatomical variations related to sex and side, emphasizing the need to consider these factors in clinical evaluations and surgical procedures involving the shoulder joint. Additional research is needed to investigate the clinical significance of these results and their implications for shoulder-related conditions.