Morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal in Palestinian patients assessed using cone beam computed tomography

The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is a key anatomical structure in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry, influencing surgical and dental procedures. This study evaluated the morphology, dimensions, and variations of the NPC in Palestinian patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A retrospective analysis of CBCT scans (sagittal and coronal views) from 120 patients was conducted. Measurements included canal widths (at the superior, middle, and inferior thirds), canal length, and alveolar ridge widths (anterior to NPC). Canal shape was classified into six types. The number of nasal (NN) and palatal (NP) openings, along with age and gender, were recorded. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Chi-square tests. The most common canal shape was cylindrical (35%), followed by funnel (27.5%). Significant gender differences were found in the sagittal ridge inferior (p = 0.032) and middle width (p = 0.008). NPC dimensions differed significantly between sagittal and coronal views (p < 0.001). Tooth loss increased with age (p = 0.005), but canal shape was not linked to dental status. Most NPC dimensions in this study aligned with global findings, with the cylindrical shape being the most common. Sagittal CBCT views provided more precise length measurements. Gender differences were observed in sagittal ridge widths, while canal shape was unrelated to dental status. Sagittal CBCT views are recommended for accurate implant planning and maxillofacial surgical procedures, minimizing neurovascular risks.