Police Mediation in Managing Land-Related Conflicts in Kilifi County, Kenya

Land-related conflicts in Kilifi County, Kenya, fueled by historical injustices, weak governance, and cultural tensions, frequently escalate into criminal acts, necessitating police intervention beyond traditional enforcement. This study examines the role and effectiveness of police mediation as a strategy for managing such disputes, drawing on qualitative insights from 18 key informants—National Police Service (NPS) officers, local government officials, victims, and suspected perpetrators. Using a phenomenological approach guided by Galtung’s Conflict Resolution Iceberg Model, semi-structured interviews explored mediation’s contributions to de-escalation, its challenges, and potential enhancements. Findings reveal that police mediation serves as a vital tool for reducing immediate tensions and fostering dialogue. Yet, its effectiveness is constrained by inadequate training, resource limitations, and perceived impartiality issues. The study underscores mediation’s transformative potential when supported by formal frameworks and community trust, offering a nuanced perspective on policing in conflict-prone settings. Recommendations include institutionalising mediation training within the NPS and strengthening community-police collaboration to address both visible conflict symptoms and underlying structural causes. This research contributes to the discourse on alternative dispute resolution in post-colonial contexts, with implications for policy and practice in Kenya and beyond.