Stalk Sweet Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] from Burkina Faso: Genetic Diversity, Importance, and Prospects for Variety Improvement

Sweet stalk sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a type of sorghum characterized by the sugary juice in its fresh stalk. It is predominantly cultivated in Burkina Faso for its stalk, which is consumed as a snack. However, sweet stalk sorghum remains underutilized in Burkina Faso due to the lack of awareness of its vast potential. Furthermore, few investigations on sweet stalk sorghum were carried out by research programs in Burkina Faso, except preliminary studies initiated by the Plant Genetics and Breeding Team of the University of Ouagadougou in 2008. This review seeks to consolidate findings from various research efforts on this crop, specifically focusing on indigenous knowledge, genetic diversity, and nutritional value, with the aim of proposing strategies for varietal improvement and broader utilization in Burkina Faso. A critical analysis of the key findings on sweet stalk sorghum was carried out, revealing a significant agro-morphological variability when compared to other sorghum varieties. This analysis also identified potential avenues for the development of forage sorghum, as well as exploration into biofuel production and the possible biotic threats to the crop. Notably, genetic traits such as “stay green” and photoperiod sensitivity in sweet stalk sorghum could contribute to the development of drought-tolerant varieties. Moreover, sweet stalk sorghum could contribute to the diversification of local food resources through the use of both the grains and the juicy, sweet stalks. Furthermore, several prospects, such as the development of forage sorghum varieties, investigations for biofuel production, and potential biotic threats, have also been identified. This review provides a scientific basis for future breeding programs aimed at enhancing this crop’s potential in Burkina Faso.