Advancements in Optical Glucose Sensing for Diabetes Diagnostics and Monitoring

ABSTRACT Diabetes presents a major global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Early detection and continuous glucose monitoring are pivotal to effective diabetes management. Optical glucose sensing is a promising noninvasive alternative to traditional methods, such as finger‐prick blood glucose tests. This study explores the cutting‐edge techniques employed in optical glucose sensing, such as Fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and near‐infrared spectroscopy. Recent advancements in nanotechnology, photonic materials, and machine learning algorithms are discussed, focusing on overcoming current limitations. The integration of these technologies is propelling the development of highly sensitive, accurate, and real‐time glucose monitoring systems. Despite challenges such as calibration complexities, biological interference, and limited tissue penetration, ongoing research and innovative solutions such as adaptive AI‐driven calibration, multi‐layer sensing, and improved light source technologies are addressing these limitations. Optical glucose sensing promises to transform diabetes management by enabling continuous, personalized, and proactive care.in this article, we highlight the potential of optical glucose sensing in revolutionizing diabetes care and its role in future personalized medicine.