UNDERSTANDING SOMALIA'S INTERNAL CONFLICTS AND THE ROLES OF INTERNATIONAL ACTORS

This article focuses on evaluating the Somalia's internal conflicts and the roles of international actors. The most significant issue in the Somalia's political situation is the breakdown of the state, which manifests in every aspect of Somali existence. A complex interaction of local, regional, and worldwide forces characterizes Somalia as a failed state, plagued by a crisis that has persisted for decades and encompasses numerous dimensions. In Somalia, Military Jihadist, tribal conflicts, external desires, regional and international interventions, along with stagnation and despotism, combine to create a fractured and deteriorating state that falls short of international standards in areas such as health, education, transparency, integrity, and effective governance. This article delves deeply into the position of the tribe in Somalia, analyzing the impact of Islamic organizations on the internal conflicts that emerged following the collapse of the central government in 1991. The article then scrutinizes Somalia's circumstances throughout this period, highlighting the challenges the current administration faces on domestic, regional, and international fronts as it works to reestablish the Somali state. Somalia poses a significant and detrimental challenge to the Horn of Africa region, experiencing prolonged battles and wars due to internal conflicts, border disputes, and its strategic location. These events have left Somalia in a prolonged state of instability, finally resulting in its fragmentation into a failed state.