Application of medicinal properties of blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus)

Introduction: The blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a fruit that is widely consumed and is harvested from mid-June to late July. Blueberries have traditionally been recognised not only for their palatability but also as a source of medicinal raw materials in folk medicine. The use of blueberry berries and leaves as a therapeutic agent dates back to the 16th century, with applications in the treatment of various ailments, including diarrhoea, inflammation of the mouth and throat, poor circulation and vision disorders. Material and Methods: The narrative review employed scientific and research articles that were devoted to the study of the biologically active substances present in blueberries, as well as the utilisation of berries and leaves from the plant in the treatment of a range of diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative conditions. Results and discussion: A review of the literature revealed that the biologically active substances present in blueberries and their leaves belong to the tannin-anthocyanin category of raw materials. Furthermore the plant contains a range of organic acids, vitamins and trace elements. Currently the extract derived from blueberry leaves represents a significant component of plant-based raw materials employed in the prevention and management of diverse ocular conditions, as well as in the prevention of gastric and duodenal cancers. Aqueous extracts of blueberries, whether derived from berries or leaves, have been demonstrated to possess pronounced immunostimulating properties due to the presence of polyphenols. Conclusion: The assertion that a diet abundant in blueberries offers protection against the detrimental effects of the external environment is corroborated by multiple studies. The considerable number of antioxidant compounds present in this plant suggests a potential role in the prevention of a range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, diabetes and cancer.