Recent Advances in Coronary Perivascular Fat Attenuation Index

冠状动脉周围脂肪衰减指数(Fat Attenuation Index, FAI)是一种从冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影(coronary computed tomography angiography, CCTA)中提取的新型生物标志物，用于通过识别冠状动脉周围脂肪组织(pericoronary adipose tissue, PCAT)的衰减梯度来检测血管炎症，近年来在心血管医学领域引起了广泛的关注。FAI通过分析冠状动脉周围脂肪组织的衰减特征，为心血管疾病的筛查和风险评估提供了新的思路。本文将对FAI的定义、测量方法以及其在临床中的潜在价值进行综述，重点分析近年来相关研究的最新进展及其在心血管疾病的相关性及对疾病预后的预测价值。最后，本文旨在为未来的研究提供方向和建议，推动PFAI在心血管疾病管理中的应用。The coronary perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI), a novel biomarker derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), has garnered significant attention in cardiovascular medicine in recent years. FAI detects vascular inflammation by identifying attenuation gradients in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), offering innovative insights for cardiovascular disease screening and risk stratification. This review delineates the definition, measurement methodologies, and clinical implications of FAI, with a focus on recent advancements in its correlation with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its prognostic value. Furthermore, we discuss emerging applications of FAI in clinical practice and highlight future research directions to optimize its integration into cardiovascular disease management.