Student perceptions of ChatGPT: benefits, costs, and attitudinal differences between users and non-users toward AI integration in higher education

Abstract Today, there is no doubt that Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents both opportunities and challenges in higher education. This study examines three key areas: (1) students’ use of ChatGPT, (2) their perceptions of its benefits and costs, and (3) the differences in attitudes toward AI integration in higher education between ChatGPT users and non-users. A sample of 737 undergraduate students at a Spanish university answered an online survey. The quantitative analysis revealed a high prevalence of ChatGPT use for academic and personal purposes, with students identifying its 24/7 accessibility as a major advantage, along with the time-saving benefits it offers. However, concerns were raised about potential costs, including the devaluation of university education when students rely on ChatGPT to complete assignments. Results indicate significant differences between ChatGPT users and non-users: users generally support AI integration in higher education, particularly in teaching methods, while non-users often oppose its integration, advocating for measures such as banning AI in universities. Our study provides valuable insights into student perspectives on the integration of ChatGPT in higher education, emphasizing the contrasting viewpoints of users and non-users. The findings underline the need for universities to actively involve students in shaping policies on artificial intelligence while offering targeted training to promote its responsible and ethical use. Furthermore, universities should support educators in adapting their teaching methodologies to the digital era by incorporating innovative strategies that enhance both teaching and learning.