Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension With Papilledema and Iron Deficiency Anemia in a 14-Year-Old Female Patient: A Case Report of First Presentation in the Middle East

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in the setting of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a rare association, possibly attributed to changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics due to either iron homeostasis or blood hyperviscosity, although a definitive causal relationship continues to be speculated upon. This case report presents a rare instance of IDA causing IIH with accompanying papilledema in a 14-year-old female patient, who is a known case of polycystic ovarian syndrome. The patient presented to an outpatient clinic with tension-like headaches. Neurological examination, including fundoscopy, was significant for bilateral papilledema. Investigations revealed IDA. The patient was managed with acetazolamide and iron supplementation for her concurrent anemia. Despite initial management, her headaches persisted, and her papilledema progressed. Due to this progression, lumbar puncture was performed and confirmed elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). After completing an adjusted regimen of acetazolamide and iron supplementation, both the patient's symptoms and papilledema resolved and did not recur. This report encourages further research to support the potential connection of IDA with IIH and aid clinicians in promptly diagnosing and managing similar cases.