Metafizică și etică – două poziții clasice

This text is a second part of a longer study. In this study I argue that nowadays we have fundamental commitments, such as universal morality, human rights, justice, democracy; I also argue that these commitments have been constituted over more than two millennia of Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian cultures. The idea I am trying to consolidate and propose is that of the close connection between the metaphysical principles promoted by these cultures and our fundamental commitments; I argue that these commitments are possible thanks to the affirmation of metaphysical principles. I consider contemporary positions that reject the metaphysics and I argue that this rejection deprives our fundamental commitments of the foundation on which they rest. Without making any assessment, I describe the current dominant position, an anti-metaphysical one, and question the possibility of preserving and functioning these commitments in the absence of a metaphysical foundation. In this text I argue only in favor of basing morality on metaphysics as it is proposed in two classical positions: Kantianism and Utilitarianism.