Extreme compound events in the equatorial and South Atlantic
The impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) on marine ecosystems can be amplified when combined with other extreme events. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of compound events of MHW, high acidity and low chlorophyll in the equatorial and South Atlantic, using observation-based datasets and reanalysis products. We show that the frequency and intensity of these triple compound events under a fixed baseline have increased dramatically over the past two decades, peaking in the most recent years. We analyse the drivers of triple compound events for six regions and find that, for the Angola Front and Brazil-Malvinas Confluence regions, these events are associated with a poleward shift of the fronts. In the Agulhas Leakage region, an increase in warmer waters entering from the Indian Ocean leads to compound extremes. In the western equatorial and subtropical Atlantic, they are caused by changes in the air-sea heat fluxes, while in the eastern equatorial by a weakening of upwelling. In addition, triple compound events are widespread over the South Atlantic during El Niño events, which is important because MHWs can be predicted when associated with ENSO.
Authors
- Piero S. Bernardo
- Alistair James Hobday (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-8326)
- Afonso Gonçalves Neto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9628-8480)
- Camila Artana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-8580)
- Thomas Lukas Frölicher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-7854)
- Friedrich A. Burger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7781-8498)
- Julia Araújo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-6254)
- Noel Keenlyside (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-6868)
- Regina R. Rodrigues (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-4018)
Institutions
- University of Bern (CH)
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (AU)
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (CH)
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (NO)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR)
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (FR)
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NO)
- University of Bergen (NO)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-04-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58238-y
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Climate variability and models
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 4.42
Funders
- University of Bern
- European Commission
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina