Quantum sensing of rotation velocity based on Bose–Hubbard model

Abstract This work theoretically studies the Bose–Hubbard (BH) model in a ring geometry in a rotating frame. We obtain an effective Hamiltonian by using unitary transformation, where the effect of the rotating reference frame is introducing additional phases to the hopping constant. Within the mean-field theory, the phase transition edge depends not only on the particle number and ring radius, but also on rotation velocity. Therefore, we propose a sensing method of the rotation velocity using the phase transition edge of the Bose–Hubbard model. At the exact phase transition edge where this sensing method is most sensitive, the resolution depends on the rotation velocity, the particle number and the ring radius, while it is independent of the parameters in the Bose–Hubbard model such as the hopping constant and the on-site interaction.