Variants of design solutions for the primary circuit of air-to-water heat pumps for heat supply schemes of private residential buildings

The article discusses options for arranging the primary circuit of air-to-water heat pumps. From the point of view of capital costs and construction time, the air-to-water heat pump is the most profitable. However, it has a significant drawback: a drop in heat output when the outside air temperature decreases, precisely when the need for heat increases.To cover peak heat loads, the heating system is equipped with a redundant heat source - usually an electric heating unit. The search for ways to eliminate or significantly reduce the dependence of the heat output of air heaters on the outside air temperature is represented by three variants of the evaporator design of an air-to-water heat pump: with a ‘classical’ heat exchanger in the form of copper tubes with aluminium fins and forced air movement by means of a fan; with a vertical copper-tube heat exchanger with aluminium fins and free air movement - Octopus; and with a heat exchanger in the form of a manor fence - a single-row pipe regime made of polyethylene pipes (German technology Energiezaun). Calculations of the surface of the energy fence for a residential building in Odesa are presented.