Sociological Perspectives on Gender Inequality in Indonesian Sports: A Systematic Literature Review

Gender inequality remains a persistent issue in Indonesian sports, where female athletes face systemic barriers in participation, leadership, funding, and media representation. Deep-rooted cultural norms and traditional gender roles limit opportunities for women, reinforcing male dominance in sports. Institutional neglect, inadequate funding, and lack of media coverage further exacerbate disparities, discouraging female participation at both grassroots and elite levels. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering inclusivity and ensuring equitable opportunities for all athletes. This study aims to analyze gender inequality in Indonesian sports through a systematic literature review, applying sociological theories such as Feminist Theory, Structural Functionalism, and Conflict Theory. Data were collected from academic journals, policy papers, and reports from sports organizations, focusing on sociological perspectives on gender disparities in sports. Qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis were used to synthesize findings and identify key patterns related to institutional, cultural, and media-driven gender biases. The findings reveal that institutional barriers, socio-cultural norms, and biased media representation significantly hinder gender equality in sports. Addressing these challenges requires policy reforms, increased funding for women's sports, and proactive media advocacy to promote female athletes. These insights contribute to broader discussions on gender equity in sports, offering recommendations for creating a more inclusive and equitable sports environment in Indonesia.