On the issue of treatment and filling of bone defects of infectious etiology. Literature review

The issue of treatment and filling of bone defects is relevant to this day. Osteomyelitis is an infectious inflammation of all bone elements affecting the bone marrow, spongy and compact matter, and the periosteum. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic osteomyelitis is an urgent task of traumatology and orthopedics. This postulate is due to the high percentage of complications, high economic costs in the treatment of patients, and the duration of therapy. The literature search and review was conducted in February 2024 and was carried out by keywords on the websites Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, Wiley. Articles corresponding to the subject of the study were selected from the received sample, preference was given to the works of 2014-2024. The dissertations of the traumatological and orthopedic profile performed at the Department of surgical diseases of the Karaganda medical university were also studied and included in the review. The review consists of several parts: 1) explication of the structural and functional properties of biofilms on the example of Staphylococcus aureus, as the most common infectious etiofactor of chronic osteomyelitis; 2) comparative and descriptive analysis of modern fillers of bone defects; 3) description of scientific achievements of the Department of surgical diseases of the Karaganda medical university in the field of bone allograft. Such differentiation, according to the authors, made it possible to fully reveal the topic of the article. Keywords: chronic osteomyelitis, Staphylococcus aureus, biofilms, treatment, bone substitutes, nanocellulose, bone allograft.