The role of regular physical activity in the reduction of various cardiac risks

Abstract Purpose Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among leading positions in the mortality statistics, and the cardiovascular deaths are in an inverse relationship with regular physical activity. In this study two important risk factors will be discussed: the myocardial infarction and the pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. The first factor is based on data of previous publications of other authors, the second factor will be presented based on our recent echocardiographic measurements. Methods Investigations were carried out in altogether 4,710 subjects (males: 338 non-trained, 2,536 trained, females: 392 non-trained 1,497 trained subjects). 2D-guided M-mode, Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography were performed. Results The relative left ventricular muscle mass was higher in the young ages, there was no difference in the adult age (40–60 years), but the difference was reversed in the older age (>60 years). Regular physical activity seems to prevent the pathological left ventricular hypertrophy through the inhibition of the pathological connective tissue proliferation that occurs in the older age. Regular physical activity also attenuates the age-related impairment of the left ventricular relaxation ability which is indicated by E/A and E′/A′ quotients calculated from the Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography measurements. Conclusions To reduce cardiovascular risk factors, consistent endurance training is advised. Regular physical activity can help improve overall cardiovascular health, reducing the likelihood of heart disease. Additionally, being engaged in endurance activities such as running, swimming, or cycling can enhance heart function and promote long-term wellness.