Perioperative management and anaesthetic challenges in patients with mediastinal masses: A tertiary cancer centre experience

Perioperative management and anaesthetic challenges in patients with mediastinal masses: A tertiary cancer centre experience - Background: Anaesthetic management for patients undergoing surgery for mediastinal masses presents significant challenges due to the risks of airway obstruction and cardiovascular collapse, which can result from the compression of critical structures such as the airways, heart, and major blood vessels. These complications can occur at any stage during anaesthesia, especially in patients with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular issues. Although perioperative complications are inherent, the mortality rate remains low with appropriate management. However, there is a lack of standardized protocols, highlighting the need for individualized anaesthetic strategies. Cases: Eight patients with mediastinal masses undergoing surgical resection were included in this study. One patient developed bronchospasm after intubation and required vasopressor support. Another patient experienced a drop in SpO2, while two others needed vasopressors due to significant blood loss and haemodynamic instability. One patient experienced an air leak that was corrected intraoperatively, and three patients had uneventful surgeries. All patients had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery. Conclusion: Effective perioperative management of patients with mediastinal masses requires careful preoperative evaluation, individualized anaesthetic plans, and close monitoring during surgery. Key considerations include airway management, haemodynamic stability, and the use of advanced techniques to address potential complications related to airway obstruction and vascular compression. Keywords: Mediastinal mass, Anaesthetic management, Perioperative complications, Airway obstruction, Tumour compression.