Study on the optimal operation strategy of venlo-type greenhouse system considering seasonal factors

Abstract The article presents a comparative analysis of greenhouse operating states and the different shares of costs consumed in summer and winter. Strategy 1 aims to minimize energy consumption, while Strategy 2 adjusts the greenhouse operating state under time-of-use tariff conditions to reduce electricity costs. Strategy 3 comprehensively evaluates the costs associated with the greenhouse. The simulation results show that under typical summer meteorological conditions, the integrated cost of Strategy 3 in summer is 81.35% and 80.95% lower than that of Strategies 1 and 2, respectively, and the proposed Strategy 3 can effectively save costs. In the cost comparison between summer and winter, the heating cost in summer is 67%, ventilation cost is 24%, and CO₂ injection cost is 9%, while in winter, it is 93%, 2%, and 5%, respectively. The seasonal comparison analyses showed that ventilation costs were higher in summer greenhouses, mainly due to higher outside temperatures and the need for increased ventilation to regulate the internal environment. In contrast, in winter, due to lower outside temperatures, less ventilation was required, resulting in lower costs.