Energy Harvesting and IoT-Enabled Sensor Networks for Renewable Energy Monitoring

Renewable energy systems like solar and wind require efficient monitoring to optimise performance, especially in remote areas with limited grid power. This paper examines energy harvesting combined with IoT-enabled sensor networks as a sustainable solution. By using solar, kinetic, or thermal energy, these systems power IoT sensors to monitor energy output and equipment status in real-time. We review key harvesting methods (e.g., photovoltaic, piezoelectric) and IoT frameworks (e.g., LoRaWAN), highlighting cost savings and scalability benefits. Challenges include energy intermittency and harsh deployment conditions. Results suggest this integration enhances renewable energy management, with the potential for smart grids and rural electrification. Future work should focus on hybrid systems and AI analytics to overcome limitations.