Constraining low scale dark hypercharge symmetry at spallation, reactor, and dark matter direct detection experiments

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mi>CE</a:mi><a:mi>ν</a:mi><a:mi>NS</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) and elastic neutrino-electron scattering (<c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:mi mathvariant="normal">E</c:mi><c:mi>ν</c:mi><c:mi>ES</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math>) data are exploited to constrain “chiral” <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><f:mi>U</f:mi><f:mo stretchy="false">(</f:mo><f:mn>1</f:mn><f:msub><f:mo stretchy="false">)</f:mo><f:mi>X</f:mi></f:msub></f:math> gauged models with light vector mediator mass. These models fall under a distinct class of new symmetries called dark hypercharge symmetries. A key feature is the fact that the <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><j:msup><j:mi>Z</j:mi><j:mo>′</j:mo></j:msup></j:math> boson can couple to all Standard Model fermions at tree level, with the <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><l:mi>U</l:mi><l:mo stretchy="false">(</l:mo><l:mn>1</l:mn><l:msub><l:mo stretchy="false">)</l:mo><l:mi>X</l:mi></l:msub></l:math> charges determined by the requirement of anomaly cancellation. Notably, the charges of leptons and quarks can differ significantly depending on the specific anomaly cancellation solution. As a result, different models exhibit distinct phenomenological signatures and can be constrained through various experiments. In this work, we analyze the recent data from the COHERENT experiment, along with results from dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments such as XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN, and PandaX-4T, and place new constraints on three benchmark models. Additionally, we set constraints from a performed analysis of TEXONO data and discuss the prospects of improvement in view of the next-generation DM direct detection DARWIN experiment.