Cosmology from CMB lensing and delensed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math> power spectra using 2019–2020 SPT-3G polarization data

From CMB polarization data alone, we reconstruct the CMB lensing power spectrum, comparable in overall constraining power to previous temperature-based reconstructions, and an unlensed $E$-mode power spectrum, with clear detections of the third through the tenth acoustic peaks. The observations, taken in 2019 and 2020 with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the SPT-3G camera, cover $1500\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{deg}}^{2}$ at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with arcminute resolution and roughly $4.9\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{K}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{arcmin}$ coadded noise in polarization. The power spectrum estimates, together with systematic parameter estimates and a joint covariance matrix, follow from a Bayesian analysis using the marginal unbiased score expansion (MUSE) method. The $E$-mode spectrum at $\ensuremath{\ell}&gt;2000$ and lensing spectrum at $L&gt;350$ are the most precise to date. Assuming the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model, and using only these SPT data and priors on $\ensuremath{\tau}$ and absolute calibration from Planck, we find ${H}_{0}=66.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.81\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{Mpc}$, comparable in precision to the Planck determination and in $5.4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ tension with the most precise ${H}_{0}$ inference derived via the distance ladder. We also find ${S}_{8}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3{)}^{0.5}=0.850\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017$, providing further independent evidence of a slight tension with low-redshift structure probes. The $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model provides a good simultaneous fit to the combined Planck, ACT, and SPT data, and thus passes a powerful test. Combining these CMB datasets with BAO observations, we explore extensions to the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model. We find that the effective number of neutrino species, spatial curvature, and primordial helium fraction are consistent with standard model values, and that the 95% confidence upper limit on the neutrino mass sum is 0.075 eV, close to the minimum sum expected from observations of solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The SPT data are consistent with the somewhat weak ($&lt;3\ensuremath{\sigma}$) preference for excess lensing power seen in Planck and ACT data relative to predictions of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model given the combined Planck, ACT, and BAO datasets. We also detect at greater than $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ the influence of nonlinear evolution in the CMB lensing power spectrum and discuss it in the context of the ${S}_{8}$ tension. Forthcoming SPT-3G analyses will feature deeper and wider observations in temperature and polarization, providing even tighter constraints and more powerful tests of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2025-04-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083534
Citations
48
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
55.43

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article

Cosmology from CMB lensing and delensed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math> power spectra using 2019–2020 SPT-3G polarization data

F. Bianchini, K. Fichman, J. E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan et al.
48 citations
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
55.43
article

Cosmology from CMB lensing and delensed <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math> power spectra using 2019–2020 SPT-3G polarization data

F. Bianchini, K. Fichman, J. E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, E. Hivon, N. W. Halverson, Karen Lévy, P. Chaubal, K. Prabhu, Abhishek S. Maniyar, G. Chen, A. Coerver, S. Guns, C. L. Reichardt, F. Kéruzoré, Fei Ge, M. Rouble, M Rahimi, W. Quan, K. R. Dibert, M. Archipley, A. J. Anderson, E. Schiappucci, D. Riebel, F. Guidi, P. Paschos, M. R. Young, J. D. Vieira, T.-L. Chou, Lincoln Bryant, Ethan Anderes, M. Millea, J. A. Sobrin, B. A. Benson, N. Goeckner-Wald, K. Benabed, E. Camphuis, T. Natoli, Y. Wan, L. E. Bleem, Kedar A. Phadke, K. R. Ferguson, G. P. Holder, Z. Pan, F. R. Bouchet, C. Chang, Adrian T. Lee, J. E. Ruhl, Ali Rida Khalifeh, R. W. Gardner, A. Foster, C. Umiltà, P. M. Chichura, L. Balkenhol, D. Dutcher, T. M. Crawford, C. Daley, Cynthia Trendafilova, N. Whitehorn, Behzad Ansarinejad, J. C. Hood, J. Stephen, Y. Omori, C.-L. Kuo, N. Huang, B. Thorne, Y. Nakato, W. L. Holzapfel, F. Menanteau, G. I. Noble, M. Dobbs, A. N. Bender, A. Hryciuk, R. Gualtieri, W. Everett, A. E. Gambrel, A. Rahlin, Alexander W. Pollak, D. Howe, Arati Chokshi, Alexandre Doussot, A. A. Stark, C. Tandoi, J. A. Zebrowski, K. Kornoelje, A. Vitrier, Feng Chen, A. E. Lowitz, L. Knox, S. Galli, M. Korman, J. Montgomery, C. Lu, W. L. K. Wu, E. S. Martsen, M. Doohan
article en
48 citations

Abstract

From CMB polarization data alone, we reconstruct the CMB lensing power spectrum, comparable in overall constraining power to previous temperature-based reconstructions, and an unlensed $E$-mode power spectrum, with clear detections of the third through the tenth acoustic peaks. The observations, taken in 2019 and 2020 with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the SPT-3G camera, cover $1500\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{deg}}^{2}$ at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with arcminute resolution and roughly $4.9\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{K}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{arcmin}$ coadded noise in polarization. The power spectrum estimates, together with systematic parameter estimates and a joint covariance matrix, follow from a Bayesian analysis using the marginal unbiased score expansion (MUSE) method. The $E$-mode spectrum at $\ensuremath{\ell}&gt;2000$ and lensing spectrum at $L&gt;350$ are the most precise to date. Assuming the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model, and using only these SPT data and priors on $\ensuremath{\tau}$ and absolute calibration from Planck, we find ${H}_{0}=66.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.81\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{Mpc}$, comparable in precision to the Planck determination and in $5.4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ tension with the most precise ${H}_{0}$ inference derived via the distance ladder. We also find ${S}_{8}\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}({\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3{)}^{0.5}=0.850\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.017$, providing further independent evidence of a slight tension with low-redshift structure probes. The $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model provides a good simultaneous fit to the combined Planck, ACT, and SPT data, and thus passes a powerful test. Combining these CMB datasets with BAO observations, we explore extensions to the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model. We find that the effective number of neutrino species, spatial curvature, and primordial helium fraction are consistent with standard model values, and that the 95% confidence upper limit on the neutrino mass sum is 0.075 eV, close to the minimum sum expected from observations of solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The SPT data are consistent with the somewhat weak ($&lt;3\ensuremath{\sigma}$) preference for excess lensing power seen in Planck and ACT data relative to predictions of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model given the combined Planck, ACT, and BAO datasets. We also detect at greater than $3\ensuremath{\sigma}$ the influence of nonlinear evolution in the CMB lensing power spectrum and discuss it in the context of the ${S}_{8}$ tension. Forthcoming SPT-3G analyses will feature deeper and wider observations in temperature and polarization, providing even tighter constraints and more powerful tests of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 111(8)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA), Argonne National Laboratory (US), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US), The University of Melbourne (AU), University of Toronto (CA), Princeton University (US), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), University of Colorado System (US), University of California System (US), University of Chicago (US), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), McGill University (CA), Case Western Reserve University (US), Michigan State University (US), Stanford University (US)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, University of California, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Office of Science, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, European Research Council, Australian Research Council, High Energy Physics
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Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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