Impact of Display Pixel–Aperture Ratio on Perceived Roughness, Glossiness, and Transparency

Shitsukan, which encompasses the perception of roughness, glossiness, and transparency/translucency, represents the comprehensive visual appearance of objects and plays a crucial role in accurate reproduction across various fields, including manufacturing and imaging technologies. This study experimentally examines the impact of the pixel-aperture ratio on the perception of roughness, glossiness, and transparency. A visual evaluation experiment was conducted using natural images presented on stimuli with pixel-aperture ratios of 100% and 6%, employing an RGB sub-pixel array. The results demonstrated that the pixel-aperture ratio significantly affects the perception of glossiness and transparency, with the 100% pixel-aperture ratio producing a statistically significant effect compared to the 6% condition. However, roughness perception varied substantially among the observers, and no statistically significant effect was observed. Nonetheless, when comparing two observer clusters identified through clustering analysis, the cluster favoring the 100% pixel-aperture ratio exhibited "Huge" effect sizes for all perceptual attributes. Additionally, the findings indicate that the degree of influence of pixel-aperture ratio on glossiness and transparency is not constant and can vary depending on individual observer differences and image characteristics.