Factores de riesgo relacionados al bruxismo del sueño en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión de alcance

Introduction: sleep bruxism in children and adolescents is a multifactorial disorder that integrates genetic, emotional, physiological and environmental factors. Aim: to systematically map available studies on risk factors associated with sleep bruxism in children and adolescents. Methodology: This scoping review included 13 observational studies to systematically map risk factors related to bruxism. Eligibility criteria were articulated to the PCC framework (population, concept, context). Results: The influence of genetic predisposition, emotional stress, physiological conditions (such as gastro-oesophageal reflux) and socio-environmental variables such as family dynamics and exposure to electronic devices are highlighted. In addition, disparities were detected in subgroups, such as children with developmental problems or those influenced by recent social transformations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Hereditary susceptibility, neurological abnormalities, emotional stress and inadequate sleep environments are among the most important determinants. Despite advances in the understanding of this disorder, significant gaps remain in the literature, in terms of longitudinal research and specific subpopulations.