Optimising solar energy consumption in grid connected residential photovoltaic (PV) system: a demand side management (DSM) approach for peak production utilisation

With the growing electricity demand and tariffs, residential consum ersare opting for rooftop solar systems to susta in their electricity needs. While the houses have a ccess to solar energy during the day, but they still relyheavily on the grid during night, adding stress to national grid and intensifying grid’s energy loss. This paper presents a Dem and Side Management (DSM) strategy designed to optimise solar energy usage in grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems within Pakistan residential sector. By implementing DSM strategy, this study encourages consumers to shift their high energy appliances to coincide with peak solar production hours, thus reducing the reliance on the grid during non-solar hours. Solar energy production was assessed using PVsyst software, while energy consumption patterns of households were estimated through data acquisition system and LabVIEW. The DSM technique resulted in more efficient solar energy utilisation, decreased peak demand on the electric system, and less load shedding. This solution promotes the provision of clean energy under the United Nations (UNs) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while also a ddressing Pakistan's energy concerns. Finally, the findings support the use of DSM to increase the efficiency of residential PV systems, improve grid stability, and promote green energy culture in Pakistani homes.