Relationship between Pain Self-efficacy and Exercise Adherence in Individuals with Frozen Shoulder: A Correlation Study

A bstract Introduction: Frozen shoulder is a condition characterized by soft tissue tightness around the shoulder, leading to pain and restricted movement. Symptoms can persist for 2–3 years, significantly affecting quality of life. Exercise is crucial for its management, but pain self-efficacy (PSE) may impact adherence, potentially delaying recovery. This study examined the relationship between PSE and exercise adherence in individuals with frozen shoulder. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from a physiotherapy outpatient department. The PSE questionnaire and exercise adherence rating scale (EARS) were administered. Results: Among 60 participants (34 females and 26 males), high PSE and good exercise adherence were observed. However, correlation analysis failed to reveal a significant relationship between PSE and exercise adherence ( r = 0.20, P = 0.12). Conclusion: The study failed to establish a significant association between PSE and exercise adherence in individuals with frozen shoulder, possibly due to the fact that these patients had been receiving physiotherapy treatment, and consequently scored high on both variables, leading to decreased variability in the scores.