Harnessing Satellite Data Alone for Mapping Global Thermal Anisotropy

Abstract Mapping thermal anisotropy across global lands is critical for advancing a wide range of Earth science studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of global thermal anisotropy intensity (TAI) and its governing factors remains missing. We introduce a novel data‐driven methodology to quantify global TAI exclusively using multi‐angle MODIS land surface temperature time series observations. Our analysis reveals distinct seasonal and diurnal TAI patterns, with global mean summertime TAI exceeding 2.9°C. Furthermore, we identify strong associations between TAI and key surface and atmospheric parameters, such as leaf area index and downward shortwave radiation. Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift from model‐based to data‐driven approaches in correcting thermal anisotropy, thereby addressing a critical bottleneck in Earth observation.