Update on Estimation of Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity Using Signals Obtained from Wearable Devices

Continuous monitoring of personal physiological parameters, such as blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity, through wearable devices has emerged as a potential alternative for healthcare. This review discusses the variety of wearable devices and signal properties of different measurement sites. Recent advancements in estimation techniques applied to wearable devices for cardiovascular health monitoring are revisited. Concerns including data leak and validation criterion are highlighted. Photoplethysmography morphology and BP circadian variability are also addressed. Accordingly, the approaches are categorised and analysed based on the study protocols. The potential opportunities due to the development of deep learning algorithms are examined for BP and pulse wave velocity estimations. As the evolution of wearable devices progresses, multidisciplinary collaboration becomes crucial and necessary for realising personalised smart medicine.