Designing efficient cooling systems for lithium battery packs: a particle swarm optimization approach

Lithium battery packs must have an efficient cooling and ventilation system to keep electric cars running smoothly and safely. It is becoming increasingly critical to guarantee that the battery packs are uniformly heated. This research aims to provide an optimization design system for automotive packs of lithium batteries to lower the maximum temperature difference (MTD). First, the helical cooling canal and the U-like cooling channel are examined as cooling or heat dissipation architectures. The results show that the cooling performance of the serpentine cooling (SC) channel is better. The design of the helical cooling channel is further enhanced by using an adaptive array of surrogate models that use an improved optimization using the particle swarm’s technique. In comparison to the original design, the improved design reduces MTD by 7.5% and leads to a more consistent distribution of temperatures within a lithium-ion pack, according to the results. Battery pack liquid cooling design may benefit greatly from the insights provided by this optimization methodology.