Creation and Application of Liposomal Form of MicroRNA for the Treatment of Neurodenegratative Diseases

Targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as microRNAs, is a pressing issue. The use of liposomes as targeted carriers of various therapeutic agents has certain advantages and is currently growing significantly. Liposomes are capable of transporting both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules simultaneously. Liposomes have relatively high stability under physiological conditions and controlled release of encapsulated ingredients, and are biocompatible with cell membranes. Liposome-encapsulated microRNA-based drugs may become a certain alternative to classical therapeutic agents in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is known to be mediated through complex interactions between cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Although the inflammatory response in the healthy brain is tightly controlled by numerous regulatory mechanisms, deregulation can occur in these processes under pathological conditions. Such deregulation leads to uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Among the main regulators of these processes, microRNAs play an important role. Due to miRNAs, processes can become deregulated, contributing to disease progression, or may reflect a homeostatic attempt by the CNS to prevent excessive damage and restore normal functioning conditions. The paper summarizes the literature data on the creation, properties, and application of the liposomal form of miRNA, in particular msiRNA-101, in the development of Alzheimer’s disease.